Reddit reviews A History of the Devil

If you're genuinely interested, I recommend either The Origin of Satan by Elaine Pagels. Or if you want something a little less dry and academic, then check out A History of the Devil by Gerald Messadie.

But briefly, I would say that the "Christian cults got the notion that he's the 'enemy of God'" through the New Testament. 2 Corinthians 11 and Mark 3:25 are two quick examples of this.

The Origin of Satan by Elaine Pagels and A History of the Devil by Gerald Messadié are both excellent books on the subject. As you may have guessed the Pagels book concentrates on the Judeo-Christian history where the Messadié book covers a wider assortment of religions. He can be a little self-satisfied and smug in parts, but if you can overlook that the material and his writing are excellent. Given Pagels academic background her book is predictably more objective, but not at all dry and very readable. I highly recommend both (and BTW if I lent you my copy of either could you please return? TIA).

Not a graphic novel, but I enjoyed reading A History of the Devil some years ago. It tries to cover the concepts of the devil, evil and hell in different cultures and religions and how each one dealt with them. It's by no means in-depth (considering even cultures that have lasted millennia get a couple dozen pages at best), but is a very fun comparative view on these topics all over the world.

edit: as for actual comics, people have already mentioned Sandman and Hellboy, those would be my recommendations as well.

A History of the Devil https://www.amazon.com/dp/156836198X/ref=cm_sw_r_other_apa_i_jhzdBb1F0DDR2