Reddit reviews A Short History of Byzantium

All those things?

That would be a the sizeable part of the entire late antiquity and middle ages.

If there's public library in your neighborhood, I would suggest browsing through their offerings on these periods. There's probably no one book that covers all subjects, especially not one that is accessible enough to non-historians, and doesn't cost a fortune.

On the Eastern Roman Empire, these could be a good introduction:

• A Short History of Byzantium, John Julius Norwich, 1998
  
  http://www.amazon.com/Short-History-Byzantium-Julius-Norwich/dp/0679772693
  
  
• Lost to the West: The Forgotten Byzantine Empire That Rescued Western Civilization, Lars Brownworth
  
  http://www.amazon.com/Lost-West-Forgotten-Byzantine-Civilization/dp/0307407969/ref=pd_sim_b_3
  
  Some of the topics mentioned, e.g. the expansion of Islam, are covered on this site, and its numerous links:
  
  http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/index.html
  
  
  

I first read A Short History of Byzantium by John Julius Norwich. It is an adaptation of a larger set by the same author, but I felt it was pretty engaging for a primer.

JJN also has a single-volume history of Byzantium, A Short History of Byzantium, which is easier to find. Being a layman, I can't vouch for its historical accuracy, but it's an easy and enjoyable read.

They aren't Orthodox theologians, but:

• Christianity: The First 3000 Years - can't beat this for an academic, accessible, comprehensive, and fair point of view of every corner of the Christian world in history. Literally every corner. You can skip chapters/parts that don't apply to Orthodoxy if you wish.
  
  
• A Short History of Byzantium -
  focuses more on the Byzantine Empire and so leaves out a lot of stuff, but it does cover the Ecumenical Councils and a lot of Orthodox history. There is also a harder-to-find 3 part trilogy of this abridged book.
  
  Orthodox Writings:
  
  
• Bishop Ware's The Orthodox Church has an overview, but it's pretty light.
  
  
• Orthodox Alaska provides a historical look at the history of Orthodoxy in Alaska, which is pretty great (and super interesting).
  
  There are probably not many good histories of the Church by Orthodox theologians, to be honest.
  
  

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Rick Atkinson has three excellent WW2 books each one focused on a single US Army campaign

and if you like the Near East this is a must read

https://www.amazon.com/Short-History-Byzantium-Julius-Norwich/dp/0679772693/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1484576209&sr=1-1&keywords=a+short+history+of+byzantium+by+john+julius+norwich

I enjoyed John Norwich's three volume series: Byzantium: The Early Centuries, The Apogee, and Decline and Fall. If that is a bit too verbose for your liking, he has also published a Short History of Byzantium which summarises his trilogy.