Reddit reviews Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism
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When I decided I did not want to be fat any more, because I was concerned about living to see my son graduate from high school, I found a lot of conflicting information.
It's calories. No, it's about carbohydrate. No, it's about refined sugars. No, it's about all monosaccharides. No, it's about processed foods. No, it's about organic foods and endocrine disruptors. No, it's about PUFAs. And so on.
It's simple but difficult to lose weight. No, it's not possible. It's about genetics. No, it's really about epigenetics. No, it's mostly about hormones. No, it's about when you eat. No, it's about exercise.
etc etc.
So I spent a few years trying to untangle it all. And learned before too long that reading blogs, unsourced websites, and NYTimes bestsellers was a good way to confuse yourself.
I will humbly suggest to this person a few resources that will help cut through that confusion:
Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism and good old PubMed. Those sources gave me a pretty good idea how human metabolism works. And 8 years later, the 40" waist jeans are still untouched on a shelf.
I'm still leaner and stronger than at any time in my 20s and 30s (NSFW, boxers!). And I'm very much in agreement with the accepted conventional wisdom in r/fatlogic. Because it's the truth, and it works.
There seems to be a huge amount of unsupported speculation in this thread... Anyway, the answer is fairly simple, it's usually cardiac arrhythmias that kill a starving person in the end.
I did a great deal of reading into this in the early 2000s when I was putting together a lecture unit on human starvation. The rule of thumb given in most of the phys literature turns out to be: A starving person will die when they have used up all their body fat or about half their body protein, whichever comes first. And usually the immediate cause of death is heart failure, typically due to ventricular arrhythmias that occur as the heart atrophies. If all fat is lost, the heart just plain and simple runs out of fuel, and heart cells die. If 50% of body protein is lost, the heart muscle tissue atrophies so much that it begins to malfunction. I posted a few cites on this in another comment, but basically the core problem is that the brain always requires a small bit of glucose for fuel. Most other organs in the body can adapt to live entirely on fats (specifially, on ketone bodies). But the brain cannot. Starvation then plays out like a game of Fortunately-Unfortunately:
The #weeks you can keep chipping away at your muscles before you actually die is pretty variable. Obese people often have enlarged hearts to start with, and thus are able to go quite a long time (months even, over a year in some famous cases) before the heart shrinks to a dangerous level. Also, intake of even a tiny bit of protein or carbs can completely eliminate the protein catabolism. There are also some complications regarding malfunctioning of the autonomic nervous system and also certain electrolyte imbalances, which seems to contribute to ventricular arrhythmias. But basically, starved people have atrophied hearts that are not functioning properly. Anyway, the rule of thumb for non-obese people, and most animal species, is that total starvation will kill you in 2-8 weeks depending on fat stores.
cites: All the nutrition texts cover this - see this one. And here and here are a couple cites about the cardiac issues.
I'm a Registered Dietitian in the U.S. and work within the powdered foods community doing consulting for both Powdered Foods Market and invidiual clients. In school we used a slightly older version of Krause Food and Nutrition Therapy which is an excellent in depth resource for medical diets. This is a great starting point to understand general needs as well as specialized disease/condition needs. If you're like me you will quickly want to know the biochemistry that the body is going through, to which I'd recommend Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. In med-school the idea is "teach the framework of the body, instead of memorizing the pieces". When I'm really struggling to figure out what a patient needs, this is the resource I fall back on. Either way, if you ever have questions feel free to jump over to PFM and check out some of the questions I've already answered, I guarantee you'll learn a few things!
Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism by Gropper is the book my university classes on nutritional biochemistry used. Difficult to comprehend for the lay person but great for those with a decent background in organic and biochemistry. I notice it is uber expensive on this link from Amazon but look up and get an old edition or even look around for a PDF or something.
http://www.amazon.com/Advanced-Nutrition-Metabolism-Sareen-Gropper/dp/1133104053
Also, pages like this may be of interest.
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminK-HealthProfessional/
Lastly, I believe you can find and read the Dietary Reference Intakes as PDF online but that doesn't focus too much on biochemistry.
Good luck and hope that helps!
I found this one pretty good.
I think it is important to understand the basics of what food is and how the body uses it, before you go on to choose what you should, or should not eat. I will enable you to prick through bullshit. Here, start with this: http://www.amazon.com/Advanced-Nutrition-Metabolism-Sareen-Gropper/dp/1133104053
> How do you have such an in-depth knowledge on this?
Exam horror mostly.
In terms of textbooks Braunwald's Heart Disease, Gropper's Advanced Nutrition mostly. Though of course also many papers and lecture notes. Nutritionfacts.org is also useful occasionally because they tend to call out the bullshit from the animal industry. They also have an hillarious piece about the DASH diet. Though ignore their stuff on EPA and saffron that's hokum.
> How bad are plant fats and saturated fats from plants?
Saturated fat from plants is as bad as saturated fat from meat. In fact the worst food for your arteries is dried coconut. 91% of its fat is saturated and 82% of its calories come from fat. Which is worse than extra heavy whipped cream.
The difference is plants usually have much less of (saturated) fat and also have fibre and antioxidants which remove cholesterol and reduce inflammation respectively.
This is why processed (plant) food is so harmful. It usually is loaded with coconut oil (91% saturated) or palm oil (51% saturated), salt, refined sugar and usually completely lacks fibre and anti-oxidants. A more artherosclerotic blend doesn't exist.
In general a whole food, plant based, low fat diet is best for your arteries. As long as you get some B12 (as small amounts of meat, or ethically/environmentally preferrably as supplements) that will increase your life expectancy the most. Also sufficient sunlight for vitamin D, some exercise, no smoking, no alcohol, no drugs.
There are no shortcuts.
https://www.amazon.com/Advanced-Nutrition-Metabolism-Sareen-Gropper/dp/1133104053
Part 2:
Anatomy and Physiology
Other Medical Texts (Pathology, organic chemistry, biology, nutritional science, etc)
Formularies, Pharmacy
Classical Herbals
Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism, while not pocket sized, is perhaps the one of the most important texts and the one I continually refer to outside of ASPEN materials.
Hey! Reddit is a great source, but it looks like you want some detailed information, Have you tried books and google?
In terms of nutrition, this book is a must have for anyone serious:
http://www.amazon.com/Advanced-Nutrition-Metabolism-Sareen-Gropper/dp/1133104053/
But this site has some pretty good articles as well, as a beginning perspective:
http://www.bodyrecomposition.com/nutrition
In terms of Power/ Motor development/ Performance , I am not really sure outside of powerlifting, but these 2 books are amazing
http://www.amazon.com/Practical-Programming-Strength-Training-2nd/dp/0982522703
http://www.amazon.com/Starting-Strength-3rd-Mark-Rippetoe/dp/0982522738
Recovery is actually pretty damn simple - sleep more, eat more, rest and avoid over-exertion. For a more scientific standpoint, this book is a must have
http://www.amazon.com/Becoming-Supple-Leopard-Preventing-Performance/dp/1936608588/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z
Any more specific advice and you would have to list your goals :)
Thanks for the feedback! Good stuff. 👍
First, let me be very clear that I'm not a professional nutritionist but just a happy amateur. So take everything from here on out with a big grain of salt.
You have a good point. Two things though:
445.4 µg B12 above what IF can handle would then mean up to 20.7 µg B12 absorbed through diffusion (3 µg daily average).
ln(Ai) = 0.7694 * ln(Di) - 0.9614
) which is to say that any microgram added is absorbed at a lower and lower percentage but the overall B12 absorption does go up.500 would mean: e ^ (0.7694 ln(500) - 0.9614) = 45.6 µg absorbed (6.5 µg daily average).
I think the key part in their quote on maximum absorption is "amounts usually consumed with a meal"*. With supplements we've seen much higher levels of absorption than the 1.5 µg they talk about. More than 54.6 µg + passive diffusion can explain.
The texts by Gropper and Stipanuk are pretty good, comprehensive.
This one is a good intro into nutrition:
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Manual-Nutrition-12th-Department-Health/dp/0113229291
This one is more advanced and goes into mechanistic detail about physiological processes that involve nutrients.
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Advanced-Nutrition-Human-Metabolism-Smith/dp/1133104053/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1481740086&sr=1-2&keywords=advanced+nutrition+and+human+metabolism
This one is advanced and expensive but it's the absolute best text book I've ever had. [Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism] (http://www.amazon.com/Advanced-Nutrition-Metabolism-Sareen-Gropper/dp/1133104053/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1419868421&sr=8-1&keywords=advanced+nutrition+and+human+metabolism) There is a lot to learn from this book
I highly recommend Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism for these types of inquiries