Reddit reviews Biochemistry (Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Series)

Excerpt from my biochemistry text - identical twins have much higher rates of both developing type 2 than type 1.

Type 1 vs Type 2 comparison chart

Other generic Type 1/Type 2 information

All from this textbook http://www.amazon.com/Biochemistry-Lippincott-Illustrated-Reviews-Series/dp/1451175620

>Hey folks - if I understand the science correctly, it seems like the body can produce glucose from either protein or fat, is that right?

No, protein can undergo gluconeogenesis but fat cannot, fat is converted to ketone acids for use as energy. Amino acids are transformed in the liver into glucose via gluconeogenesis. These are primarily derived from digestion of protein you take in, and while your body can synthesize certain amino acids, it cannot synthesize histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, or valine, so the only way to obtain these are from dietary sources.

This chart on wikipedia explains the reactions needed:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Amino_acid_catabolism_revised.png

Wikipedia also does a decent job explaining why in humans you really can't have meaningful gluconeogenesis from fat, even if they've occasionally found a weird carbon atom or two in some experiments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis

Practically speaking, if you're not taking in any carbohydrates at all then all the glucose in your body is being derived from protein. You still need to eat sufficient protein on a ketogenic diet though, because your body really does have to have a minimum amount of glucose as some tissues (especially your brain) require glucose to continue functioning. So if you ate no protein at all your body would just start breaking down muscle tissue to fuel gluconeogenesis to keep your brain alive. In a sense you WANT there to be gluconeogenesis while eating a keto diet, just not too much gluconeogenesis that you're actually preventing ketone acids derived from fat from being the primary fuel source for yourself.

If you want to learn more about metabolism a couple books that are actually very thorough with the basics but are affordable are the BRS Biochemistry review book or Lippincott's Illustrated Review Series Biochemistry. Studying either one would give you a pretty good grasp of human related biochemistry. You can get older editions for just a few bucks used, not too much has changed in biochemistry over the last decade lol.

You're also the person that thinks fat is a carb and that zero sugar kills. Give me a break. Do your reading. Here's some more. You're welcome.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_nutrient#Carbohydrates

http://highsteaks.com/forum/health-nutrition-and-science/nutritional-ketosis-vs-ketoacidosis-369.0.html

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2129159/

http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/DRI//DRI_Energy/265-338.pdf

http://www.amazon.com/Biochemistry-Lippincotts-Illustrated-Reviews-Series/dp/1451175620

http://www.amazon.com/Marks-Medical-Biochemistry-Lieberman-Markss/dp/160831572X

http://books.google.com.au/books/about/Essentials_of_Human_Nutrition.html?id=KPaEAAAACAAJ

http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hRoRff4PH6wC

http://books.google.com.au/books?id=bSvyL2JCsLwC

http://www.amazon.com/Biochemistry-Lippincott-Illustrated-Reviews-Ferrier/dp/1451175620/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1459285446&sr=8-3&keywords=biochemistry

the gold standard.
op: http://www.amazon.com/Biochemistry-Lippincott-Illustrated-Reviews-Series/dp/1451175620/ref=zg_bs_13511_8