Reddit reviews Contrast Sensitivity of the Human Eye and Its Effects on Image Quality (SPIE Press Monograph Vol. PM72)

It's been awhile since I studied this. I found the book Contrast Sensitivity of the Human Eye and Its Effects on Image Quality very useful at the time, but it might be outdated. Unfortunately I don't have it with me here right now, so I'll go from memory on the topic.

To answer your question, "how many FPS can your eye see" depends on what you mean by "can see". For example, I recall experiments that were something along the line of a black screen where a white image was flashed in a single frame and viewers signaled if they were aware that an image had been shown. (Obviously there would be a reaction lag, but that is largely irrelevant to the study.) I recall that people could detect the single image up to more than 200 FPS.

But is that "seeing" it? They couldn't describe the image, just that there was a flash, IIRC.

Another study I recall (not in this book, I don't think) was evaluation of whether people could notice the difference between videos at different frame rates, obviously with some controls using the same frame rate to detect a false positive rate. I believe they used a high frame rate as the reference, and varied they lower one to higher and higher rates.

I believe that there were responses better than guessing of statistical significance somewhere up to the 60 FPS range, but that most people fell off around the 30 FPS range, meaning beyond that most people can't see any difference of the higher rate. (Of course this will depend on content of the video, and I do not recall the details of the different content tests.)

I know this can't settle anything and I wish I had the references in front of me, but it's been a decade since I did projects where this was relevant.