Reddit Reddit reviews Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals

We found 5 Reddit comments about Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals. Here are the top ones, ranked by their Reddit score.

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5 Reddit comments about Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals:

u/zhnki · 4 pointsr/formula1

Nothing has really changed in the realm of vehicle dynamics over the last few decades, the physics understanding that is. We've known about the forces and reactions and how to calculate them for a very long time, it's just not until recent times where we've been able to actually measure them during a race. The modern race car now has telemetry to measure just about everything you can imagine but it's main purpose is to validate the theoretical models that the engineers use to design the car in the first place. Now just because we can measure them easily doesn't mean we can get lazy and stop worrying about the "why".

A good example of an "olden days" book is Race Car Vehicle Dynamics by the Milliken Brothers, in fact this is often referred to as the bible of vehicle dynamics regardless of it being written nearly two decades ago. It's a great resource but it's not for the faint of heart, there is a lot of in-depth analysis starting from the basics (steady state, tires, kinematics, weight transfer) and then moves onto the more difficult aspect (transient responses, tire load sensitivities, dampers/springs, aero) most of which would require some sort of engineering/physics background to grasp but if you're determined to learn about this stuff, it's an enlightening read.

I've read Tune to Win several times now as well as the other books in the series when I first got into racing a while back and if you're looking for a general high level overview of vehicle dynamics/aero/driving than it's a great read, for anything more you're gonna have to move onto more serious books.

Now for an engine overview, I'm not sure what sort of background you have but for a comprehensive book that covers just about everything from basics to the black-magic sort of stuff, you can have a look at Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals which covers everything from types of engines, principals of operation, kinematics, thermodynamics, heat transfer, modelling, basically everything and similar to RCVD, is often referred to as the bible for ICE's.

Now, I've given you two resources, these are not by any means the only two authorities on these topics, there are many more (and cheaper) resources you can look at. It all depends on how much you want to know, personally I own these books and a hell of a lot more, I find I buy more books than I can keep up with but I know they all have something that I want to know about. I want to eventually make my way into F1 as an engineer so I figure I better get a head start and learn as much as I can before I make any serious attempt.

Good luck, hope this helps!

u/drewtam · 3 pointsr/Diesel

/u/Kiwibaconator has it right, but allow me to expand on that. For both gasoline and diesel fueled engines, peak combustion temp and exhaust temp is right around 15.5 to 17:1 (lambda =~1.1); anything richer or leaner than this range becomes cooler.

As you may know, diesels generally run at 25:1 with a peak of 18:1 to 16.5:1 only during acceleration and the turbo has not produced full boost. But during steady state lug curve, generally runs at the ~28:1 (rated) to ~22:1 (peak torque) and 50 to 65:1 at idle. This steady state lug curve afr is well below the peak temperature of 15.5 to 17:1. The leaner side of afr is much cooler than the rich side of afr.
Why is lean afr cool? It is because the more excess air is available, the more the heat of combustion is spreadout among the mass of air. Think of the air as a tiny heat sink, the more Air to Fuel ratio, the more heat sink mass to energy input.

Gasoline will typically run on the rich side, from 15.5 to 14.5 afr. With modern 3-way cats and O2 sensors, the engine is designed to oscillate back and forth between 14.5 and 15 for catalyst chemistry reasons. Gasoline combustion temps are lower because of the much lower compression and boost, but the exhaust temps are still higher. Running extra rich (<14:1) also helps prevent predetonation by slowing down combustion with excess fuel and partial combustion products. Slowing down combustion with extra fuel also combines with the heat sink idea, except now the extra fuel is the heat sink, and the energy release is limited by the amount of oxygen available; so in a sense the extra fuel is not combusted thoroughly, which limits its energy release, but gets heated up a lot which helps dilute the heat and reduce the peak temperature.

Source:
Heywood
ME - engine design 10yrs (diesel)

u/kowalski71 · 2 pointsr/AskEngineers

Plenty of good feedback on your design in this thread but I'll throw this out there. If you want to learn more about ICE engines (and you should if you want to design them) here are some good books on it. I'm an engineering student, lead engine designer for my FSAE team and taking a break from a lit review on compression ignition engines for my research project to do some redditing. These are some of the best books that I've found, presented in the order you should read them (from most basic to most advanced). Basically, if you want to revolutionize a technology you need to understand most if not all of what has come before.

  • Four Stroke Performance Tuning by Graham Bell:

    The value of this book is largely in getting an introduction to how physics and calculations play into engines. It's intuitive but thought provoking.

  • Design and Simulation of Four Stroke Engines by Gordon P Blair

    This is one of the most noted ICE books, he also has a 2 stroke edition, and can be read and reread. It delves deeper into discharge coefficients and gas flow through engines, with a focus on pressure waves.

  • Internal Combustion Fundamentals by John Heywood

    The name may make this one sound basic but in reality it's the most basic book of the next level of research. Where Blair will help you characterize and optimize an existing engine Heywood will help you design one from scratch. I honestly haven't been through this book entirely but it's tremendously useful.

    One thing I notice about your design that I have to point out is sealing the paddle to the combustion chamber. You're looking at something very similar to an apex seal on a Wankel engine, arguably the greatest weak point for that engine. In your design, the direction of drag on that seal would change but on the other hand it would experience slower average speeds.
u/JDSportster · 1 pointr/motorcycles

First, octane rating has nothing to do with the gas volatility. You can have 87 winter blend that is more volatile than 87 summer blend. Volatility and octane are two completely separate values that have no relation to each other. You need to get that right before we can move on.

Also, knock is the colloquial term for detonation, which surprisingly you are correct. It's when the gas detonates before the spark event and creates much higher pressure in the cylinder. It can sometimes be heard as an audible "knock" in certain engines. It more often is unable to be heard without special monitoring equipment.

Last, as I said before, static compression is just one factor out of many that determines what the engine's octane requirement is. I'll give you a real world example. My 1972 Sportster has a static compression ratio of 9:1 and needs a minimum of 94 AKI to not detonate. My 2002 Sportster has a static compression of 10.5:1 and will run perfectly fine on 91 AKI.

By your simple, misunderstood statements the 2002 should be blowing up compared to my 72. The real answer is that octane and compression can be related, but compression is only one small factor in determining that. There are several other things that are far more dominating in determining the required octane.

If you would like to learn more about this so we can speak intelligently about it, please pick up a copy of John Heywood's Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals (https://smile.amazon.com/Internal-Combustion-Engine-Fundamentals-Heywood/dp/007028637X?sa-no-redirect=1) and read it cover to cover. It will go over a lot of things you're misunderstanding and help you clarify some of your thoughts.

u/[deleted] · 1 pointr/EDC

This should be in your EDC then. Learn it, love it. I also recommend this. The 9th edition has much better reference tables the later versions.