Reddit reviews Official ANA Grading Standards for United States Coins (Official American Numismatic Association Grading Standards for United States Coins)
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Convenient spiralbound hardcover binding.Every standard grade is illustrated and described in detail.Text descriptions of 30 levels pinpoint grades from Poor to Mint State.High-resolution photographs illustrate exactly what to look for.All eleven Mint State levels are discussed in detail.
Rule #1:
NEVER talk about Silver Club.
You've probably already told some friends, and siblings/parent will also blab. Odds are high your house is gonna get ransacked the next time the family is out of town. If you can change the combo to the gun safe, do it right now. If anyone needs their gun out of there, you can open it for them without them seeing the combination, until you can get a high-rated anti-burglary safe that you can bolt down. If you can't change the combo on the gun safe, then, like anewmolt says, don't store it all in one spot. Don't hide it anywhere obvious, like your sock drawer or in your bedroom closet or in a bookcase.
And tell NO ONE where you hid it. The only way two people can keep a secret is if one is dead and the other got to him before he could tweet or post on Facebook.
Take a detailed inventory, as skakid suggests. Even old silver bars can sometimes be worth more than melt value if they're Engelhard, for example.
Now for some fun stuff.
Take all the old coins, and "eyeball" their grade yourself here: http://www.pcgs.com/photograde
Just find your coin, and scroll through the photos while using a magnifying glass on your coin, until you find the grade that's worse than yours. Also, for US coins, you can buy the Blue Book, which gives you detailed criteria. $15, $10 for Kindle.
You can search prices at PCGS or here: http://www.ngccoin.com/price-guide/us/ to give you a ballpark figure.
I recommend cotton gloves. Latex can have powders and such that you do not want to get on the coins. Most hobby stores have them, and they are pretty cheap on Amazon as well. If you are going to take photos, you can download the PCGS Photograde app and compare your pictures to the graded examples to get an idea of the condition. I also recommend this book.
photograde as others said, and also take a look at the grading standards book if you want a better description of it https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0794838243
You should get a copy of the Red Book (A Guide Book of United States Coins, by R.S. Yeoman), which has grading standards for VF, EF and other grades for each series of US Coins. A more advanced version is the ANA Grading Guide.
https://www.amazon.com/Official-Standards-American-Numismatic-Association/dp/0794838243
If they a packaged US mint products you can pretty easily look up prices on eBay sold auctions.
For everything else you can get one of these: https://www.amazon.com/Official-Guide-Grading-Counterfeit-Detection/dp/0375720502/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1495145544&sr=8-1&keywords=pcgs+grading
or one of these:
https://www.amazon.com/Official-Standards-American-Numismatic-Association/dp/0794838243/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1495145572&sr=8-1&keywords=ana+grading+standards
You can use those books to start evaluating their condition, then you can use eBay or even a Whitman Publishing US Coins Red Book to get relative values.
I highly recommend this book. It really helped me learn the basics.