(Copy pasting from other thread).

I stand by this JS roadmap, especially because I tested so many different free courses online (and subsequently wasted a bunch of time).

Rithm (https://www.rithmschool.com/courses)

• Awesome for going from 0 to beginner/intermediate; possibly the best fundamentals I've found
  
  
• Doesn't hand hold so it teaches you how to think
  
  
• Writing is friendly and understandable
  
  Eloquent JS (http://eloquentjavascript.net/)
  
  
• Great for solidifying intermediate
  
  
• This is when you begin to learn "real" coding
  
  
• Can be difficult to grasp, but with a solid understanding of the fundamentals, you should be good
  
  Secrets of a JS Ninja (https://www.amazon.com/Secrets-JavaScript-Ninja-John-Resig/dp/193398869X)
  
  
• Great for going from intermediate to advanced
  
  
• If you've methodically mastered the previous two, you will be good. Really deepens your understanding and sharpens skillset
  
  Finally, if you supplement all this with Codewars (https://www.codewars.com/ , allows you a bunch of puzzles/katas to check your level as you progress; great because you can go back and see how your skills have actually improved, you'll definitely cringe at some of your old code, ha), it's a pretty fucking awesome roadmap to get you from 0 to advanced, though like most things it'll take a lot of work.
  
  I've also heard good things about Free Code Camp, though I've only checked it out briefly so I can't give in-depth comments on it.
  
  Hit me up if you have questions, always down to help others get started.

I'm a big fan of JavaScript: The Good Parts. I'm not sure if it is quite intermediate, but it is a terrific (and short) read.

Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja is a bit more advanced. It's written by the guy who created jQuery. I found some of the coding style to be sort of strange, but it does have a lot of great information.

Advanced

Medium

Old, but probably still relevant

Yet to be released, but you can get the in progress pdf from the publisher

Docs

The one that everybody recommends

HTML5 spec

HTML5Rocks

Latest Webkit News

Other than that build build build. Make demos and play. Ask questions here or on stackoverflow and read other people's code. Also, lots of great old JSConf videos out there.

Um... that's what the 2012 book Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja is all about. It chronicles Intel's development of the Core 2 architecture, their first to have JS inside, which enabled them to give AMD a trashing they have still not recovered from.

This is a newer one from John Resig, "Secrets of Javascript Ninja".
http://www.amazon.com/Secrets-JavaScript-Ninja-John-Resig/dp/193398869X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1368335690&sr=8-1&keywords=secrets+of+javascript+ninja

Here are my top three:

1. Javascript The Good Parts:
   http://www.amazon.com/JavaScript-Good-Parts-Douglas-Crockford/dp/0596517742
   
   
2. Secrets of a Javascript Ninja:
   http://www.amazon.com/Secrets-JavaScript-Ninja-John-Resig/dp/193398869X
   
   
3. Eloquent Javascript:
   http://www.amazon.com/Eloquent-JavaScript-Modern-Introduction-Programming/dp/1593272820

Depending on what you want to learn:

PYTHON SPECIFIC

You mentioned building websites, so check out the flask mega tutorial. It might be a bit early to take on a project like this after only a month, but you've got time and learning-by-doing is good. This'll teach you to build a twitter clone using python, so you'll see databases, project structure, user logons etc. Plus he's got a book version, which contains much of the same info, but is good for when you can't be at a computer.

The python cookbook is fantastic for getting things done; gives short solutions to common problems / tasks. (How do I read lines from a csv file? How do I parse a file that's too big to fit in memory? How do I create a simple TCP server?). Solutions are concise and readable so you don't have to wade through loads of irrelevant stuff.

A little while down the road if you feel like going deep, fluent python will give you a deeper understanding of python than many people you'll encounter at Uni when you're out.

WEB DEV

If you want to go more into web dev, you'll also need to know some HTML, CSS and Javascript. Duckett's books don't go too in depth, but they're beautiful, a nice introduction, and a handy reference. Once you've got some JS, Secrets of the javascript ninja will give you a real appreciation of the deeper aspects of JS.

MACHINE LEARNING
In one of your comments you mentioned machine learning.

These aren't language specific programming books, and this isn't my specialty, but:

Fundamentals of Machine Learning for Predictive data analytics is a great introduction to the entire process, based upon CRISP-DM. Not much of a maths background required. This was the textbook used for my uni's first data analytics module. Highly recommended.

If you like you some maths, Flach will give you a stronger theoretical understanding, but personally I'd leave that until later.

Good luck and keep busy; you've got plenty to learn!

Personally I wouldn't mind if == never did implicit casting and acted like === (in fact I wish it did), but the rules don't seem that bad to me.

The example I gave was very contrived, and solution was naive, the best way to compare two arrays to each other would be to loop through them, like this. What I was doing was showing you how you'd take advantage of the implicit casting.

I think it was in John Resigs book where I read the best advice I have seen for JavaScript and it went something like "Treat everything as if it was an object and use === unless you need to use ==".

Also never use the wrapper objects if you can help it. Let the interpreter use them in auto-boxing and leave them alone. Because you are 100% right, things can get a bit weird then.

Samurai, apparently.

Thank you! Which is why it bothers me that an otherwise great book wastes a whole chapter talking about with.

I would check out Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja

It's a great book if you are coming from a different programming language to JavaScript. The syntax of JavaScript may feel familiar but don't be fooled. Javascript has many different quirks, that you should wrap your head around in order to write "good" JavaScript.

Secrets of the Javascript Ninja

I always recommend Secrets of a JavaScript Ninja, which has been a great tool for me to learn some of the intermediate to advanced JS stuff. Covers some basics too, but is mostly for learning the deeper stuff. I like it a lot.

Books I like the most in no particular order.

http://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/1617290548

http://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/0321812182

http://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/193398869X

For more advanced topics, "Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja" covers many of the advanced techniques popular libraries use (including prototype and jQuery), written by the jQuery creator.

It assumes you have an understanding of the fundamentals so it gets into the advanced topics pretty quickly.

http://www.amazon.com/Secrets-JavaScript-Ninja-John-Resig/dp/193398869X

Books that helped me to get the hang of JS

John Resig's Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja and Douglas Crockford's JavaScript: The Good Parts are pretty much the only ones worth reading in my opinion.

Projects

The best thing would be to build something you want to use yourself. Maybe you try cordova and build a small app with the browser platform so that you can create a simple App that you can bring to your Smartphone.

More advise

Read a lot of code: TODO MVC is a good place to start, people try to write good code for this one because they want you to use their framework :-). The problem with the source code of many projects is that the JS ecosystem is in a constant flux and ES6 modules are skyrocketing right now. You may want to check out the jQuery source code - you can pretty much watch the evolution by looking at older versions of the source code and how it evolved.

If you feel really adventurous the NodeJS source code is a fun read - although it's a very big project that also got some C/C++ code sprinkled in - but that shouldn't be a problem for you :-).

I would advise you not to bother reading the Angular1 code for the time being, Angular2 maybe interesting but its written in Microsoft's TypeScript - which is a nice language on top of JS that is worth learning about.

HTML and CSS are easy enough to pick up from tutorials and on an "as you go" basis.

Javascript is a difficult and intricate language. If you don't have a programming background, it is not a great one to start with. You will more or less be doomed to be mediocre at it (which might be fine for adding minor interactions, importing plugins, etc...). Functions as first class objects, closures, prototypal inheritance, and other concepts that are used frequently in Javascript can be tricky to grok.

I highly recommend Secrets of the Javascript Ninja. Javascript: The Good Parts is a great resource too but it goes over things to quickly for them to really stick and requires a couple readings.

I would add Secrets of a JavaScript Ninja, written by John Resig (the creator of jQuery). An amazing resource with a nice philosophical approach about JS.

For one of my projects, I decided to just use vanilla JavaScript AJAX and for the rest, I ended up using jQuery. I felt this gave me a better handle of what was going on behind the scenes.

For vanilla JavaScript resources, the MDN documentation was helpful to get going. Using vanilla JavaScript was hard and it isn't super intuitive. This is why I think most people just end up using a library to call out to APIs. There's also a good Lynda course that's called "AJAX and JavaScript." It's pretty fast paced, and the course assumes you already know basic JavaScript, but I found it helpful with learning vanilla js ajax.

As far as jQuery goes, this video was also really helpful. Again, fairly fast pace but overall, good info. Once again, using the jQuery documentation is ESSENTIAL. I've found that in general, if I am stuck, asking myself the right questions, going to the documentation, and finding the answers is usually best.

I also read through the book Secerts of the JavaScript Ninja which had a few things to say about asynchronous code. Hope this helps!

Don't listen to jakelear, w3schools is an excellent resource for beginners.

That said, once you are on your feet and getting deeper into JavaScript check out these books. They are wonderfully useful and informative.

http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596517742
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596805527
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/193398869X