Reddit reviews The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy

For Nietzsche, a revaluation of values does not take place at the individual level. At the very least, this is not Nietzsche's focus. What he is more interested in is such a revaluation taking place at the level of culture, for an entire culture. Even though Nietzsche celebrates certain individuals, and even though Nietzsche constantly complains about herd mentality, he is not really concerned with all this "personal growth," self-mastery or self-help nonsense. He is not a Tony Robbins.

To properly understand Nietzsche's project of the revaluation of values, it helps to understand the context. The context is culture, or society as a whole. Nietzsche abandoned his planned book vaguely organized around the concept of 'will to power' and instead replaced that project with a new plan: a series of books that would comprise the Revaluation of Values. The ultimate purpose of these books was to combat the onset of nihilism. That is the key. Thus, the revaluation of values would be (generally speaking) a book(s) about the cultural response to nihilism.

The Antichrist is actually Book One of this project. Nietzsche created and recreated a number of plans and outlines for the Revaluation, and here is one sample to give you an idea of what he had in mind:

1. The AntiChrist - Attempt at a Critique of Christianity
   
2. The Free Spirit - Critique of Philosophy as a Nihilistic Movement
   
3. The Immoralist - Critique of the most completely ill-fated kind of ignorance, morality
   
4. Dionysius - Philosophy of the eternal recurrence
   
   As late as 1888 he still planned on this four book series, as he intimated in a letter to Overbeck.
   
   Nietzsche was concerned about nihilism, about its corrosive effects on society and culture, and how nihilistic values would ultimately lead to man's ruin. To combat this, Nietzsche sought to critique philosophy, religion, and morality in order to uncover and unmask all the guises of nihilism, and then to overturn nihilism by 'revaluing' those values that have allowed it to fester. By clearing the ground in this way, humanity might even be able to generate a new, higher type of being that would justify man's suffering - the ubermenschen. This is a rough sketch of the context, but you should get the idea.
   
   How do you do it? What does it look like? Nietzsche himself answers this question, and gives Renaissance Europe as the prime example of a near total revaluation of values. For specifics, you'll just have to study the period. I will point out that here Nietzsche was influenced by his friend Jakob Burckhardt, so reading this book will give you an idea of what Nietzsche has in mind.
   
   As for your other questions, maybe I can get to those later.
   
   Edit: I should add, that Nietzsche considered Greek culture to be the highest, most fully developed European/Western culture to date. He sees the first "revaluation of values" when Christianity becomes ascendant - master morality is overthrown and replaced by slave morality. The "slave revolt in morals" is the initial revaluation of values, according to Nietzsche. Later, during the Renaissance, Nietzsche believes that at least a partial revaluation of the revaluation took place, but that ultimately Christian values became dominant again. He sees the flourishing of the Renaissance as an example of what is possible if European culture(s) would throw off the yoke of Christian morality.
   
   All this to say, that when Nietzsche talks about a revaluation of values what he has in mind are the values of an entire culture. He is concerned with the values that predominate within a given culture, as those values determine what kind of men emerge from that culture. In short, he is not at all concerned with what happens to individuals, about what a 'revaluation' means at the individual level. Of course, it takes individuals to reject Christian morality and develop some alternative, but it is the aggregate effect of this upon a given culture that concerns Nietzsche,