Reddit reviews The Computational Brain (Computational Neuroscience)

None of them are light reads. The Dynamical Systems one is the only math-focused book that isn't a textbook. Not on the list is The Computational Brain by Terry Sejnowski and Patricia Churchland. It's very beginner-friendly and more focused on computational models derived from/for neuroscience experiments. One of my favorites, actually.

I went to a lecture by Terry Sejnowski last year, you may enjoy his work.

Some of his research included making a computational video camera that 'sees' like our eyes and brains do. It was able to reduce bandwidth to several orders of magnitude below that required for a classic camera.

http://cnl.salk.edu/

http://www.amazon.com/Computational-Brain-Neuroscience/dp/0262531208

Also, for a basic understanding of edge detection, see Hubel and Wiesel:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VdFf3egwfg

For an explanation of how edge detection emerges from neurons, see the animations in the Visual Cortex section here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Paskari/report_4

This book and really anything by Sejnowski