Reddit reviews The Man of Numbers: Fibonacci's Arithmetic Revolution

I recommend The Man of Numbers by Keith Devlin, https://www.amazon.com/Man-Numbers-Fibonaccis-Arithmetic-Revolution-ebook/dp/B005CVMKAK/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1550786445&sr=8-3&keywords=A+man+of+numbers

This is a good account of what we know about Fibonacci, who was largely instrumental in bringing Hindu-Arabic numerals to Europe, was also a research mathematician, and wrote multiple books on math for business purposes of his day. It also has a pretty good overview of the math and history of the time period. Fibonacci is a good person to focus on, since he was a European educated in North Africa by Arab scholars, was introduced to the court of the Holy Roman Emperor, and iirc used writings by Jewish scholars in his work. Several of Fibonacci's (actual name is Leonardo of Pisa, long story) books are available in English translation with good and useful commentary. There were a few Jewish scholars in Spain under Arab rule who wrote about math.