Reddit reviews thkfish Fishing Baitholder Hooks, 500pcs 10box Pack (50pcs/Box) Freshwater Carbon Black Bait Holder with Barbs Baitholder Fishhook Fishing Baitholder Hooks Set

The most basic all around set up I would recommend for fishing in a lake would be to go buy some crankbaits, jerkbaits, a couple topwater lures (I recommend jitterbugs, and poppers), and some softplastic worms and worm hooks (they have the little angled shaft by the eye of the hook). Get some 12lb monofilament fishing line (it's good for mostly everything you'll catch in a lake).
Also, get some hooks and splitshot sinkers.

In terms of color for the baits, try to mimic the types of baitfish that are in the lake you're fishing at. Shad are pretty common in lakes near me, so 2/3 of my tackle box are filled with shad colored crankbaits and jerkbaits. Bluegill colored bait is always good because most lakes are full of bluegill.

That should help you target almost anything you could want to catch in a lake until you start getting more experience. Once you get more experience you can start tweaking things and buying more specialized stuff. But with the stuff I told you to buy, you really just have to locate the fish and you should be able to catch them.

EDIT:

Here's a pretty good assortment of hardbait to get you started. I'm not sure how wonderful the quality is, but they should catch fish for you and give you a foundation to build on until you get some more experience.

these and these are pretty decent rubber lures that will work for a wide variety of fish. Buy these hooks for them and these weights to help get your rubber lures to the bottom of the lake.

A package of bait hooks like these will help you catch stuff like catfish and bluegill using live bait. [Bobbers] (http://www.amazon.com/Eagle-Claw-Floats-Assortment-1-Inch/dp/B0009V5QEA/ref=sr_1_1?s=sporting-goods&ie=UTF8&qid=1462166419&sr=1-1&keywords=Bobber) are pretty good for catching bluegill as well. Catfish suck food off of the bottom of the lake at night, so skip on the bobber if you're fishing for those and I wouldn't waste time fishing for them in the day time.

And some basic 12 pound fishing line. Stick to the clear stuff.

All that gear should help you get started. There shouldn't be a fish in a lake that you can't catch using that stuff.

As mentioned by another user multiple rods would be ideal for what you want, but I understand wanting a universal kit.

https://www.amazon.com/Shakespeare-Medium-Action-Bigwater-8-Feet/dp/B000LG0G3E/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1473786425&sr=8-3&keywords=ugly+stick+combo Rod and Reel Combo: Shakespere is a reputable company, they aren’t the bottom or the top but they work really well. Ugly Sticks are super popular and can be found anywhere. This specific rig is a little large for freshwater IMO but there are many more options available.

Line: Anywhere from 10lb to 20lb mono will work depending on what species you are targeting but a 12lb would be able to land much heavier fish, just not from a pier.

bait holder hooks https://www.amazon.com/Baitholder-500pcs-Freshwater-Fishhook-Fishing/dp/B00CK5RIN0/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1473787160&sr=8-3&keywords=bait+holder+hook this will get you most species with this style of hook but you don’t need as many as that kit offers. Having a variety of hooks is useful for species with weird mouths or for certain methods of fishing.

Lures: Spinners, and spoons are amazing for almost anything that swims, but jigs like mister twisters and beetle spins can be good too. I wouldn’t spend a lot of money on crank baits and stick baits, personally I have never caught much on them. I also like soft baits, but those often need special jigs and hooks for them.

I am not super familiar with fishing saltwater but, I know the water itself can be bad for the gear so you have to spend time cleaning afterwards. A lot of fishing is experimentation with what works for you.