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Do you know what type it is? Here are some pics of common ones:
Mystery snail
Nerite snail
Ramshorn snail
These can have different colors than the ones pictured but the shape should be the same. I don't have any experience with ramshorns so I can't give advice for them but I have mysteries and nerites.
Nerites eat algae off of the glass of the tank. If there isn't any algae, you can give them algae wafers or some cooked veggies like carrots or spinach.
Mystery snails will eat algae wafers and they also like veggies. Mine love zucchini. Blanch the vegetables to keep them from floating around the tank.

Snails need a source of calcium to keep their shells healthy. Cuttlebone can be found in the bird section of a pet store and it dissolves in the tank over time. You can also make 'snello' - snail jello. Plain gelatin, TUMS (for the calcium), veggie baby food and fish flakes is a nice way to provide food and calcium all at once.

Snails poop A LOT. I recommend getting a filter and a gravel vacuum to clean the tank out. Waste can cause ammonia levels to rise, which is harmful to the snails. You can test the water parameters (pH, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate) using a test kit. The API test kit is kinda $$ but it's good. Mystery and nerite snails like water between 65-82*, although nerites like it on the warmer end. You might need a heater.

Snail behavior:
Mystery snails are pretty active. Mine like to crawl up the side of the tank and then float down to the bottom. This is sometimes called "parasnailing". It's cute. Nerites hide. They have interesting sleep cycles where they'll be awake for long stretches of time and then go to sleep for several days. If you have a nerite, I highly recommend getting a lid for the tank if you don't already have one. They like to sneak out which can lead to them dying. Leave about an inch of water between the top of the tank and the water line because snails still need access to air. Mystery snails have a siphon which allows them to get oxygen.

Mysteries and nerites reproduce sexually. If you have one you don't have to worry about your snail creating a million clones of itself.

Bladders do lay eggs (they're very interesting egg sacks/clutches/whatevername too). I think you should do whatever you want and/or is best for the LFS and turtle (I don't know anything about turtles). Mostly just what you want though so you can enjoy it.

MTS is great for any tank that has sand as a substrate! They'll only grow to the food available to them, so they can be fine in a 5g or 10g or anything. They sift through the sand really well and when they grow to a large population, you'll probably never see poop again (I never see sand in my original tank). MTS may also eat poop, but I'm not entirely certain about that. I think it's what they're doing when they're digging through the sand.

A tank full of snails would probably be pretty decent at growing herbs since they poop a bunch. But I've never tried it (definitely on the list though) and don't know the requirements for aquaponics.

Ah no, MTS don't have a trap door. They can hide in their shell like any other snail, but there's no hard operculum to cover up the hole. Their shell is harder than bladder snails at least and they hide in the sand for the most part, so those may keep them alive too.

Plants are a whole different beast. There's our usual water parameters that we test for (ammonia/nitrite/nitrate), but for plants, there's a bunch more (potassium, phosphate, magnesium, carbon dioxide, etc.). I don't know much about plants though. I just get the easiest ones I can find and they all grow well for me. People advertise java fern and anubias as easy ones, but I find they're actually harder because they grow so slowly and thus promote algae growth in a normal tank. Probably great for tanks with very little light (below "low light") though.

If you want to try a dimmer, I use this $6 one on a couple of mine. It hooked in between the power supply and the light itself using the typical cylinder-ish DC power connection:

https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00RBXPDQU/

Sponge filter is going to be best for snails, but if that's not possible, just make sure you can put a sponge or mesh or pantyhose over the intake of whatever filter you use. The babies and young ones are pretty small and could possibly climb inside. If they're developed enough, their hard shells could cause serious damage.

TL;DR: For a betta you need to upgrade your setup to have a filter, and a minimum 5 gallon tank but preferably 10 gallon. I highly recommend you buy [this filter] (https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B000260FVG/ref=mp_s_a_1_5?ie=UTF8&qid=1500346286&sr=8-5&keywords=fluval%2Bfilter&th=1&psc=1).

1 gallon is not okay for any fish. Maybe plants. You need to read up about the nitrogen cycle, and why cycling an aquarium is necessary in order to keep water quality good. The water will build up good bacteria to counter the bad bacteria. But if you're doing 100% water changes, you are physically preventing your tank from cycling and building up any good bacteria. You really need a bigger tank (at least 5 gal but preferably 10), and you need a filter! The constant movement of the water is the filters main function, and that's what allows for good bacteria to build up. I'm sure your water parameters weren't 0/0/0 before the water change. Maybe that's what it reads after the water change, but next time check your parameters before the water change because I guarantee you that you have ammonia building up.

It's a myth that betta's are completely fine without a filter or a normal size tank. They will live a much longer life if you take better care of them. The myth comes from the fact that Betta's have an organ that other fish don't, which allows them to breathe oxygen by coming up to the surface and not having to depend on their gills alone for oxygen. This allows them to be able to tolerate worse quality water, but that doesn't mean you should subject them to worse quality water throughout the course of their life! Please improve your setup. At the absolute minimum: never do 100% water changes, 80% should be the absolute max used only for emergencies, buy a filter and you should be able to get by with 50% water changes until your tank is cycled, at which point you should aim to get down to 10-20% water changes once a week, and then down to 10-20% to once every other week.

You may just have an active nerite. Some snails really like being on the glass too. Sand should be fine because they experience that in the wild & I've seen sandy tanks with nerites. Mine have been fine in normal tank gravel (like this) which is typically pretty smooth so won't hurt them. I've even had a nerite who liked to burrow and he did fine in that sort of gravel.

Do you have any objects sitting in your tank he can explore? Nerites seem to like to be on wood or go inside decor like castles, so you might get him something that encourages him to get off the side of the tank.

https://www.ebay.com/itm/182257395124

Also, the calcium makes it a nice white/green bright color when it dissolves. Compared to most algae wafers that looks like grey mold.

Check out the Wonder Shells too!

Thanks for the advice. Would a pump like this one be sufficient: https://smile.amazon.com/dp/B01MTSR8Y8/ref=psdc_2975471011_t2_B0009YHU6Y?th=1 ?

I’m looking at the sponge filters and I am a little confused on how they work with the air stone. I have one of the flat disc ones.
Edit: Link
Air Stone Large Premium 4" Round Bubbler by Aquatix Pro, Air Stones Best for Aquariums, Fish Tanks, Ponds and Hydroponic Systems, Top Quality Diffuser https://www.amazon.com/dp/B06WVSC8Q3?ref=yo_pop_ma_swf

If your tank is cloudy stuff some polyfil in there. I got a huge bag that will probably last me a lifetime on amazon.

Fairfield 100% Polyester Poly-Fil 20 oz, 20 Ounce, Waterfall https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00TH2E3PA/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_i_61tLDbEDP98WP

I add "Wonder Shells" to my tanks, which helped with some of my snails shells.

Just having it dissolve in the water lets me not have to worry if they're getting enough calcium in their diet.

That being said, I feed them calcium supplemented pellets as well.

https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B071NMW1V3/ref=ya_aw_oh_bia_dp?ie=UTF8&psc=1

Okay. :\ Will these work? https://www.amazon.com/API-Strips-Water-Conditioner-Aquariums/dp/B007GCEAX8/

So far I've only added one snail and one amano shrimp so hopefully that isn't enough to make a big spike.

No kidding. I had placed some netting over the intake which I assumed had fixed the issue yet here we are again. I’ve wrapped it completely now with a slender coarse sponge.

Anybody ever use one of these?

I had a bad bout of cyanobacteria earlier last year. I did a bunch of research and nothing will eat them.
I did use chemicals to get rid of it.
Specifically this. It worked much better than I thought. It killed all of it without harming my fish.