Reddit reviews Arab MiGs. Volume 4: Attrition War, 1967-1973

The Soviets began developing their SEAD-tactics and dedicated weapons already in late 1950s (i.e. well before the US military started doing the same).

Essentially, this consisted of a careful study of available intelligence on such Western SAM-systems like MIM-14 Nike Hercules and MIM-23 HAWK SAMs, which then resulted in creation of first related field manuals.

The results were the emergence of such weapons like the the KSR-11 (itself a sub-variant of the KSR-2, aka 'AS-5 Kelt'). Essentially, this was a MiG-15-like, big 'missile' released by Tupolev Tu-16 medium bombers, homing onto radar signals (or signals from the ground-based electronic warfare station), to deliver its 1000kg conventional- or 1MT nuclear warhead.

These were to be deployed against major early warning radar stations of the NATO, foremost in West Germany, at the start of any major wave of air strikes by Warsaw Pact air forces.

KSR-11s were to be followed by tactical fighters, tactics of which was relatively simple: supported of ground-based stations for electronic warfare, a formation of up to four Su-7BMs would fly a simulated attack on a target near the targeted SAM-site to distract attention. Shortly after, the actual strike would be delivered by another Su-7BM, which was to deploy a tactical nuclear weapon for this purpose.

For details, see the Article 'Atomwaffen in der DDR', von Stefan Büttner, published in the Fliegerrevue Extra Vol.22, in September 2008.

Later in 1960s, the Soviets began developing their second generation anti-radar missiles. The first of these was the big and hefty Kh-22 (AS-4 Kitchen), a liquid-fuelled missile deployed by Tu-22K and then Tu-22M-2/3 bombers. This was followed by its downsized - yet still rather 'hefty' - 'tactical variant', the Kh-28 (AS-9 Kyle, deployed by Su-17s). By 1977, also the much smaller (and lighter) Kh-25MP (AS-12 Kegler) was in the process of entering service (also on Su-17s).

The third military branch (World-wide) to start developing SEAD-tactics and 'equipment' was Egypt. As early as of 1968, what was then still the United Arab Republic Air Force (UARAF) - the Egyptian Air Force (the designation was changed from UARAF to the EAF in around April 1972) - has established the first out of a total of two of 'dedicated SEAD-assets'.

The Egyptian 'equipment' was what they had on hand: that is, MiG-17Fs that lacked any kind of electronic-warfare equipment (indeed, they lacked even radar warning receivers). Like all other MiG-17Fs in service with the UARAF of the time, they were equipped with a pair of double launch rails for Sakr rockets (locally-manufactured variant of Hispano Suisa rockets calibre 88mm) installed under wingtips, plus two hardpoints for bombs up to calibre 250kg under the forward fuselage.

What made them 'SEAD-assets' were their pilots, all of which underwent extensive and very intensive training in operating at altitudes below the engagement envelope of the MIM-23A HAWK SAM-operated by the Israeli Defence Force (IDF).

Usual tactics - based on combat experiences and plenty of exercises and testing - consisted of approach at 'critically low' altitudes (less than 30 metres/90ft), extensive use of terrain masking, attack with bombs (foremost used to scare Israeli crews into their shelters), followed by an attack on MIM-23 radars and launchers with unguided rockets.

Both units saw intensive combat during the so-called 'War of Attrition', in 1969-1970. In 1972, one of the units was split into two, with one part being re-deployed to Syria, where it flew combat operations during the October 1973 War with Israel. Israel had no MIM-23s deployed on the Golan until something like 10 days into that war, and thus that unit mostly flew CAS.

The two units left in Egypt flew several dozens of SEAD-strikes on the Sinai Front. Usual tactics from the October 1973 War was for them to hit the HAWKs and thus open the way for Su-7BMKs (or Iraqi Hawker Hunters deployed in Egypt) underway to hit other targets, or for Mi-8s carrying commandos behind enemy lines.

During the same war, the EAF also operated a handful of Tu-16K-11-16 bombers, equipped with KSR-11 missiles. Moreover, and due to the lack of SEAD-assets, in at least one instance the Egyptians deployed Mi-8 helicopter armed with UV-16-57 pods for S-5 unguided rockets calibre 57mm for a night attack on an Israeli MIM-23 SAM-site.

For details, see the book-series Arab MiGs, Volumes 4, 5, and 6, by Cooper & Nicolle.

Related Egyptian and Iraqi own experiences from that war then resulted in Iraq launching a major effort at acquiring and developing electronic warfare capabilities, in 1974-1975 period. The results of the same can be described as 'far-reaching' and 'comprehensive' - so much so, they strongly influenced the French work on related equipment and tactics. However, most of 'results' (including a wide range of RWRs, ECM-pods, and ARMs) emerged only after 1977, which in turn is beyond the period you asked about (should you be interested about detailed description of related affairs, equipment and tactics, though, check the recently published Iraqi Mirages).

The whole Arab Migs provides a rather good overview of the several wars and conflicts from the perspetive of Arab airforces.

Taking Sides provides a good overview of america's relationship with Israel

Arabs at war provides a military effectiveness overview but it is extremely biased towards Israel

The Egyptians converted some Mig-21MF's to fire AIM-9P-3's in the early 1980's

Source: these books