Reddit reviews General Equilibrium, Overlapping Generations Models, and Optimal Growth Theory
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Used Book in Good Condition
A few others have mentioned Mas-Colell, Whinston, and Green's Microeconomic Theory. Personally, I would never recommend that someone read it as a first reference, but it is the most comprehensive book on microeconomics, and can serve as an excellent reference manual that can clarify concepts you come across in your other readings.
There are much better texts (though less comprehensive) than MWG that focus on specific subtopics of microeconomics, for example:
Contract Theory(covers Moral Hazards, Asymmetric Information, optimal wages etc)
General Equilibrium-Overlapping-Generations, optimal growth (covers micro-foundations of macroeconomic theory)
Primer on Game Theory
For macroeconomics, since you are from a Physics background, I would recommend Recursive Methods in Economic Dynamics.
Edit: One "popular" book I read that I found to be fairly decent on economic theory was "The Ascent of Money" by Niall Ferguson