Reddit reviews Real Magic: An Introductory Treatise on the Basic Principles of Yellow Magic
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Used Book in Good Condition
You would probably really enjoy reading Real Magic by Isaac Bonewits which basically did this exact thing on an anthropological level with respect to historic and contemporary (for the time of writing) views of magic. That book actually ended up inspiring the Lord Darcy series of fantasy stories.
TL;DR: no, there's no drugs or shamanism. Think more modern Wiccan ceremony and less ancient Shamanistic trance-journey.
Long form: The aspects of Shamanism we're familiar with - the trance state, the "journey" to the "spirit world," the separation of spirit-body and physical body -- those are NOT written about as part of Temple practice. And all we have left of Old Babylon is:
Some facts about Ancient Mesopotamian Magic, as we know it now:
Basically, ANE magic is the remedy to solve every problem, because they didn't have a lot of other tools. This translation of Mesopotamian ritual texts, myths, and prayers provides a good layperson's overview of the way "magic" was used. Sometimes, it's ritual, sometimes prayer. Sometimes it's just a quick incantation to describe, and therefore get control over, a problem.
"Apotropaic" is the popular term for Babylonian magic -- almost every instance we have is a prayer or ritual intended to ward off, or turn away, a negative consequence or negative events: everything from passing gas (yes, there's an incantation against breaking wind in the Foster book..) to being convicted in a harsh court system, to illness, death, and actual magical attacks by sorcerers.
Its principles most strongly resemble those of modern western "Ceremonial Magic," minus the Christianity. There's ritual recitations, specific times of the day or night to do certain actions, there's many of Isaac Bonewits's Principles of Magick
To remove a magic curse, you rub the patient with an onion, to get the bad juju in the human to sync up with the onion. Then, you slowly peel the onion, stating that as you peel the layers off the onion, the curse is also being peeled away from the patient. The onion can control the curse, is an effective "handle" by which to "grab" the curse, because it's been put into physical contact with the curse-ee. So as you peel the onion and burn the layers, you can say that you're also removing the curse from the human that the onion represents. When the onion's all burnt, so's the curse! That's the principle of Contagion from Bonewits, or just another day at Temple in Babylon.
To destroy an unknown sorcerer's curse on you, attack the sorcerer, of course. But if you don't know who they are, make a statue (two statutes, a man and a woman, just to cover all the possible cases!), and announce that these statues are your witch or warlock, and that burning them "burns" the real person who cursed you. Bonewits' Sympathetic Principle, or top of the line Mesopotamian evil-fighting technology.
So that was a lot of words to say, basically, NO, there's no drug use, no shamanism, no trance states, and no real dietary restrictions before rituals (though Maqlu requires a ritual bath, I think?).
Your shaman buddies who say "no pork before ritual" are actually pulling that out of their asses, probably basing it on generic cultural prejudices against pork absorbed from religious culture.
Many traditional shamanisms use starvation to create a ritual trance, but taboo foods are 100% arbitrary in all of those systems. Taboo drugs may well be for practical reasons. But many traditional shamans will actually tell you that drug use is overhyped and hardly ever called-for amongst real practitioners. If your shamanism training uses drugs, I'd be extremely skeptical of its authenticity... Not to say it's definitely wrong, but it's highly suspect, as so many modern folks use "shamanism" as a flimsy excuse to feel spiritual about their drug use.
Maybe Real Magic by Isaac Bonewits? Amber K. has some questionable content out there.
Sort of on a tangent from the bit at the end, but you can actually get degrees in witchcraft/magic/other assorted supernatural stuff, depending on the college (since there are some ones that have a build-your-own-degree system). It's classified as more of an anthropological study, historical rituals and belief systems and all that. Pretty interesting stuff to actually read about and ponder. There was a book I read years ago that went into great detail on the subject matter called Real Magic: An Introductory Treatise on the Basic Principles of Yellow Magic by Isaac Bonewits, who has a B.A. in Magic from UC Berkeley.
If you like to examine "real" magic
Real Magic by Isaac Bonewits this book was basis for Gurps Authentic Thaumaturgy, relationship between different "laws"
Magician Companion by Bill Whitcomb review of modern symbols
Magician's Reflections by Bill Whitcomb how to make your own magical system.
I'd recommend picking up a copy of Isaac Bonewits' Real Magic. He goes into some detail about applying science to the study of magic, including psychokinesis. You might also, if you're incredibly curious, pick up his gaming supplement Authentic Thaumaturgy, but I've always gotten more gaming and magic system design use out of the former than the latter.
You should check out stuff by Isaac Bonewitz. He studied magic as actually practiced in the real world, described how it works, all that sort of stuff. If it were to actually work, it would work the way he described it.
http://www.amazon.com/Real-Magic-Introductory-Treatise-Principles/dp/0877286884
Fun stuff. He also did a text good for RPG gaming. Some RPG games have all kinds of rules about how you can swing a sword and how much damage it does? He gives you the actual rules of how magic works (as best as can be determined in the real world) in a way that can be applied to fantasy gaming. Neat stuff.