Reddit reviews Rechtsgeschichte Der Wirtschaft: Seit Dem 19. Jahrhundert (Mohr Lehrbuch) (German Edition)
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American Dark Ages caused ISIS
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>[Edit: u/Auxilae points out that the Sign was only available in the gift shop of the museum. My title is therefore misleading and inaccurate for which I apologize. However, I stand by my arguments concerning the two specific claims made in the comment by u/haydengalloway23.]
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>[Resubmitted because I missed a typo in the title]
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>---
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>Submission in question by u/haydengalloway23: https://np.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/6shkul/from_the_us_museum_of_holocaust/dld51hk/
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>Claim #1:
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>> "Hitler was extremely hostile to corporations. He confiscated many corporation owned properties and converted them into communal places for the people."
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>Sourced rebuttal #1:
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>> 1. "Since German business had a major stake in the struggle against the left, it should make an appropriate financial contribution. 'The sacrifice[s]', Goering pointed out, 'would be so much easier . . . to bear if it [industry] realized that the election of 5 March will surely be the last one for the next ten years, probably even for the next hundred years.'" (Adam Tooze - The Wages of Destruction)
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>> 2. "In material terms, the consequences of demobilization made themselves felt in a shift in bargaining power in the workplace. In effect, the new regime froze wages and salaries at the level they had reached by the summer of 1933 and placed any future adjustment in the hands of regional trustees of labour (Treuhaender der Arbeit) whose powers were defined by the Law for the Regulation of National Labour (Gesetz zur Ordnung der nationalen Arbeit) issued on 20 January 1934. Often this is taken as an unambiguous expression of business power, since the nominal wage levels prevailing after 1933 were far lower than those in 1929. From the business point of view, however, the situation was rather more complex. Though wages had fallen relative to 1929, so had prices. In practice, the Depression brought very little relief to real wage costs. In so far as wage bills had been reduced it was not by cutting real wages but by firing workers and placing the rest on short time. Nevertheless, when the wage freeze of 1933 was combined with the destruction of the trade unions and a highly permissive attitude towards business cartelization, [...] the outlook for profits was certainly very favourable. (Adam Tooze - The Wages of Destruction)"
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>> 3. "Nachdrücklich machte er [Hitler] sich die Wünsche der Großwirtschaft zu eigen, indem er die Verringerung der Sozialausgaben im Reichshaushalt anordnete, um den Unternehmern steuerliche Vergünstigungen einräumen zu können. Er forderte sogar (was kein Interessenvertreter der Industrie öffentlich auszusprechen gewagt hätte), daß die steuerliche Belastung der privaten Unternehmen in den folgenden fünf Jahren nicht höher sein dürfe als im schwersten Krisenjahr 1932, in dem das private Steueraufkommen auf einen in den Zwanziger Jahren nicht gekannten Tiefstand abgesunken war. (Dieter Petzina - Hauptprobleme der Deutschen Wirtschaftspolitik 1931/1933 [PDF-Warning]) --- Translation: Hitler firmly instrumentalized the wishes of the industry. He reduced social spending in order to reduce the tax burden on companies and even demanded that the tax rate in the following five years must not exeed the rate set in the worst crisis year of 1932."
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>> 4. Companies were seized if they were Jewish: Confiscation of Jewish Property in Europe [PDF-Warning]
>
>---
>
>Claim #2:
>
>> "The Nazis also created the most powerful union in German history. It was a government backed union called Deutsche Arbeitsfront that all german workers had to join."
>
>Sourced rebuttal#2:
>
>> 1. "Inexplicably, the socialist trade unions lulled themselves into believing that they might be able to cooperate with Hitler's government. They even joined with Hitler and Goebbels in orchestrating 1 May 1933 as a celebration of national labour, the first time that May Day had been treated as a public holiday. On the day after, brownshirt squads stormed the offices of the trade unions and shut them down. Hundreds of millions of Reichsmarks in property and welfare funds were impounded. Robert Ley, a harddrinking Hitler loyalist, established himself in command of the new German Labour Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront, DAF). The dynamism of Nazi shopfloor activists (NSBO) had by this time reached proportions that were disturbing even to Ley. So, to restore order, the Reich appointed regional trustees of labour (Treuhaender der Arbeit) to set wages and to moderate conflicts between employers and rebellious Nazi shop stewards." (Adam Tooze - The Wages of Destruction)
>
>> 2. "The Nazis aimed to establish a state guided by racist, antisemitic and authoritarian principles, and as such deemed it necessary to bring all areas of civic life under government control. Following a major celebration of May Day, all Trade Unions were closed down, their headquarters seized and their leaders attacked and imprisoned. German workers were forced to join a German Labour Front which controlled deductions for taxation and the Strength through Joy programme – a propaganda programme paid for by German workers." (hmd.or)
>
>> 3. "Hitler aimed not only to secure complete control over all sources of state authority: he also sought the total mobilization of the general population behind the Nazi cause. To that end, he demanded the abolition of all competing organizations within public life, including the free trade unions. Although the Nazi government had already declared May 1st “National Labor Day” and was planning to celebrate it as a legal holiday with great pomp and ceremony, it was simultaneously making preparations for the final destruction of the unions, as is evident in the following directives issued on April 21, 1933, by Dr. Robert Ley (1890-1945), staff chief of NSDAP political organizations. Ley went on to oversee the National Socialist takeover of the unions by the German Labor Front [Deutsche Arbeitsfront, DAF]." (Source [PDF-Warning])
>
>> 4. "Selbstverständlich wollten die Nationalsozialisten jede Form von Arbeitskämpfen, "die wirtschaftliche Waffe, die der internationale Weltjude anwendet zur Zertrümmerung der wirtschaftlichen Basis der freien, unabhängigen Nationalstaaten .. ." nach der Machtübernahme nicht mehr dulden. (Günter Morsch - Streik im Dritten Reich [PDF-Warning]) - ~Translation: After seizing power, the National Socialists were of course unwilling to allow any form of labour conflict which they characterized as "the jewish economic weapon, used to destroy the foundation of free and sovereign nation states".
>
>Further reading (in German):
>
>- Zerschlagung der Mitbestimmung 1933 [PDF-Warning]
>- Mathias Schmoeckel - Rechtsgeschichte der Wirtschaft: Seit dem 19. Jahrhundert
>[Edit: u/Auxilae points out that the Sign was only available in the gift shop of the museum. My title is therefore misleading and inaccurate for which I apologize. However, I stand by my arguments concerning the two specific claims made in the comment by u/haydengalloway23.]
>
>[Resubmitted because I missed a typo in the title]
>
>---
>
>Submission in question by u/haydengalloway23: https://np.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/6shkul/from_the_us_museum_of_holocaust/dld51hk/
>
>Claim #1:
>
>> "Hitler was extremely hostile to corporations. He confiscated many corporation owned properties and converted them into communal places for the people."
>
>Sourced rebuttal #1:
>
>> 1. "Since German business had a major stake in the struggle against the left, it should make an appropriate financial contribution. 'The sacrifice[s]', Goering pointed out, 'would be so much easier . . . to bear if it [industry] realized that the election of 5 March will surely be the last one for the next ten years, probably even for the next hundred years.'" (Adam Tooze - The Wages of Destruction)
>
>> 2. "In material terms, the consequences of demobilization made themselves felt in a shift in bargaining power in the workplace. In effect, the new regime froze wages and salaries at the level they had reached by the summer of 1933 and placed any future adjustment in the hands of regional trustees of labour (Treuhaender der Arbeit) whose powers were defined by the Law for the Regulation of National Labour (Gesetz zur Ordnung der nationalen Arbeit) issued on 20 January 1934. Often this is taken as an unambiguous expression of business power, since the nominal wage levels prevailing after 1933 were far lower than those in 1929. From the business point of view, however, the situation was rather more complex. Though wages had fallen relative to 1929, so had prices. In practice, the Depression brought very little relief to real wage costs. In so far as wage bills had been reduced it was not by cutting real wages but by firing workers and placing the rest on short time. Nevertheless, when the wage freeze of 1933 was combined with the destruction of the trade unions and a highly permissive attitude towards business cartelization, [...] the outlook for profits was certainly very favourable. (Adam Tooze - The Wages of Destruction)"
>
>> 3. "Nachdrücklich machte er [Hitler] sich die Wünsche der Großwirtschaft zu eigen, indem er die Verringerung der Sozialausgaben im Reichshaushalt anordnete, um den Unternehmern steuerliche Vergünstigungen einräumen zu können. Er forderte sogar (was kein Interessenvertreter der Industrie öffentlich auszusprechen gewagt hätte), daß die steuerliche Belastung der privaten Unternehmen in den folgenden fünf Jahren nicht höher sein dürfe als im schwersten Krisenjahr 1932, in dem das private Steueraufkommen auf einen in den Zwanziger Jahren nicht gekannten Tiefstand abgesunken war. (Dieter Petzina - Hauptprobleme der Deutschen Wirtschaftspolitik 1931/1933 [PDF-Warning]) --- Translation: Hitler firmly instrumentalized the wishes of the industry. He reduced social spending in order to reduce the tax burden on companies and even demanded that the tax rate in the following five years must not exeed the rate set in the worst crisis year of 1932."
>
>> 4. Companies were seized if they were Jewish: Confiscation of Jewish Property in Europe [PDF-Warning]
>
>---
>
>Claim #2:
>
>> "The Nazis also created the most powerful union in German history. It was a government backed union called Deutsche Arbeitsfront that all german workers had to join."
>
>Sourced rebuttal#2:
>
>> 1. "Inexplicably, the socialist trade unions lulled themselves into believing that they might be able to cooperate with Hitler's government. They even joined with Hitler and Goebbels in orchestrating 1 May 1933 as a celebration of national labour, the first time that May Day had been treated as a public holiday. On the day after, brownshirt squads stormed the offices of the trade unions and shut them down. Hundreds of millions of Reichsmarks in property and welfare funds were impounded. Robert Ley, a harddrinking Hitler loyalist, established himself in command of the new German Labour Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront, DAF). The dynamism of Nazi shopfloor activists (NSBO) had by this time reached proportions that were disturbing even to Ley. So, to restore order, the Reich appointed regional trustees of labour (Treuhaender der Arbeit) to set wages and to moderate conflicts between employers and rebellious Nazi shop stewards." (Adam Tooze - The Wages of Destruction)
>
>> 2. "The Nazis aimed to establish a state guided by racist, antisemitic and authoritarian principles, and as such deemed it necessary to bring all areas of civic life under government control. Following a major celebration of May Day, all Trade Unions were closed down, their headquarters seized and their leaders attacked and imprisoned. German workers were forced to join a German Labour Front which controlled deductions for taxation and the Strength through Joy programme – a propaganda programme paid for by German workers." (hmd.or)
>
>> 3. "Hitler aimed not only to secure complete control over all sources of state authority: he also sought the total mobilization of the general population behind the Nazi cause. To that end, he demanded the abolition of all competing organizations within public life, including the free trade unions. Although the Nazi government had already declared May 1st “National Labor Day” and was planning to celebrate it as a legal holiday with great pomp and ceremony, it was simultaneously making preparations for the final destruction of the unions, as is evident in the following directives issued on April 21, 1933, by Dr. Robert Ley (1890-1945), staff chief of NSDAP political organizations. Ley went on to oversee the National Socialist takeover of the unions by the German Labor Front [Deutsche Arbeitsfront, DAF]." (Source [PDF-Warning])
>
>> 4. "Selbstverständlich wollten die Nationalsozialisten jede Form von Arbeitskämpfen, "die wirtschaftliche Waffe, die der internationale Weltjude anwendet zur Zertrümmerung der wirtschaftlichen Basis der freien, unabhängigen Nationalstaaten .. ." nach der Machtübernahme nicht mehr dulden. (Günter Morsch - Streik im Dritten Reich [PDF-Warning]) - ~Translation: After seizing power, the National Socialists were of course unwilling to allow any form of labour conflict which they characterized as "the jewish economic weapon, used to destroy the foundation of free and sovereign nation states".
>
>Further reading (in German):
>
>- Zerschlagung der Mitbestimmung 1933 [PDF-Warning]
>- Mathias Schmoeckel - Rechtsgeschichte der Wirtschaft: Seit dem 19. Jahrhundert
>[Edit: u/Auxilae points out that the Sign was only available in the gift shop of the museum. My title is therefore misleading and inaccurate for which I apologize. However, I stand by my arguments concerning the two specific claims made in the comment by u/haydengalloway23.]
>
>[Resubmitted because I missed a typo in the title]
>
>---
>
>Submission in question by u/haydengalloway23: https://np.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/6shkul/from_the_us_museum_of_holocaust/dld51hk/
>
>Claim #1:
>
>> "Hitler was extremely hostile to corporations. He confiscated many corporation owned properties and converted them into communal places for the people."
>
>Sourced rebuttal #1:
>
>> 1. "Since German business had a major stake in the struggle against the left, it should make an appropriate financial contribution. 'The sacrifice[s]', Goering pointed out, 'would be so much easier . . . to bear if it [industry] realized that the election of 5 March will surely be the last one for the next ten years, probably even for the next hundred years.'" (Adam Tooze - The Wages of Destruction)
>
>> 2. "In material terms, the consequences of demobilization made themselves felt in a shift in bargaining power in the workplace. In effect, the new regime froze wages and salaries at the level they had reached by the summer of 1933 and placed any future adjustment in the hands of regional trustees of labour (Treuhaender der Arbeit) whose powers were defined by the Law for the Regulation of National Labour (Gesetz zur Ordnung der nationalen Arbeit) issued on 20 January 1934. Often this is taken as an unambiguous expression of business power, since the nominal wage levels prevailing after 1933 were far lower than those in 1929. From the business point of view, however, the situation was rather more complex. Though wages had fallen relative to 1929, so had prices. In practice, the Depression brought very little relief to real wage costs. In so far as wage bills had been reduced it was not by cutting real wages but by firing workers and placing the rest on short time. Nevertheless, when the wage freeze of 1933 was combined with the destruction of the trade unions and a highly permissive attitude towards business cartelization, [...] the outlook for profits was certainly very favourable. (Adam Tooze - The Wages of Destruction)"
>
>> 3. "Nachdrücklich machte er [Hitler] sich die Wünsche der Großwirtschaft zu eigen, indem er die Verringerung der Sozialausgaben im Reichshaushalt anordnete, um den Unternehmern steuerliche Vergünstigungen einräumen zu können. Er forderte sogar (was kein Interessenvertreter der Industrie öffentlich auszusprechen gewagt hätte), daß die steuerliche Belastung der privaten Unternehmen in den folgenden fünf Jahren nicht höher sein dürfe als im schwersten Krisenjahr 1932, in dem das private Steueraufkommen auf einen in den Zwanziger Jahren nicht gekannten Tiefstand abgesunken war. (Dieter Petzina - Hauptprobleme der Deutschen Wirtschaftspolitik 1931/1933 [PDF-Warning]) --- Translation: Hitler firmly instrumentalized the wishes of the industry. He reduced social spending in order to reduce the tax burden on companies and even demanded that the tax rate in the following five years must not exeed the rate set in the worst crisis year of 1932."
>
>> 4. Companies were seized if they were Jewish: Confiscation of Jewish Property in Europe [PDF-Warning]
>
>---
>
>Claim #2:
>
>> "The Nazis also created the most powerful union in German history. It was a government backed union called Deutsche Arbeitsfront that all german workers had to join."
>
>Sourced rebuttal#2:
>
>> 1. "Inexplicably, the socialist trade unions lulled themselves into believing that they might be able to cooperate with Hitler's government. They even joined with Hitler and Goebbels in orchestrating 1 May 1933 as a celebration of national labour, the first time that May Day had been treated as a public holiday. On the day after, brownshirt squads stormed the offices of the trade unions and shut them down. Hundreds of millions of Reichsmarks in property and welfare funds were impounded. Robert Ley, a harddrinking Hitler loyalist, established himself in command of the new German Labour Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront, DAF). The dynamism of Nazi shopfloor activists (NSBO) had by this time reached proportions that were disturbing even to Ley. So, to restore order, the Reich appointed regional trustees of labour (Treuhaender der Arbeit) to set wages and to moderate conflicts between employers and rebellious Nazi shop stewards." (Adam Tooze - The Wages of Destruction)
>
>> 2. "The Nazis aimed to establish a state guided by racist, antisemitic and authoritarian principles, and as such deemed it necessary to bring all areas of civic life under government control. Following a major celebration of May Day, all Trade Unions were closed down, their headquarters seized and their leaders attacked and imprisoned. German workers were forced to join a German Labour Front which controlled deductions for taxation and the Strength through Joy programme – a propaganda programme paid for by German workers." (hmd.or)
>
>> 3. "Hitler aimed not only to secure complete control over all sources of state authority: he also sought the total mobilization of the general population behind the Nazi cause. To that end, he demanded the abolition of all competing organizations within public life, including the free trade unions. Although the Nazi government had already declared May 1st “National Labor Day” and was planning to celebrate it as a legal holiday with great pomp and ceremony, it was simultaneously making preparations for the final destruction of the unions, as is evident in the following directives issued on April 21, 1933, by Dr. Robert Ley (1890-1945), staff chief of NSDAP political organizations. Ley went on to oversee the National Socialist takeover of the unions by the German Labor Front [Deutsche Arbeitsfront, DAF]." (Source [PDF-Warning])
>
>Further reading (in German):
>
>- Zerschlagung der Mitbestimmung 1933 [PDF-Warning]
>- Mathias Schmoeckel - Rechtsgeschichte der Wirtschaft: Seit dem 19. Jahrhundert