When someone dies of starvation, the cause of death is severe electrolyte imbalance or kidney, heart, or lung failure. These are due inadequate intake of nutrients and subsequent reduction in available energy resources.

After the fat stores are exhausted (lipolysis), the body begins to break down proteins from skeletal muscles and other viscera (including smooth muscle) in a process called proteolysis, which is a signal that the body will be shutting down soon. The textbook I'm reading from states that starvation is treated with either enteral (by mouth or by tube into the stomach/gastric tract) or parenteral (by IV infusion) nutrition. Such a program of nutrition would be at the direction of a physician or dietitian.

Additionally, the stomach acids will break down food even after the person is dead, but this doesn't affect the most important part of caloric intake: Absorption from the GI lining. The breakdown of food into chyme is only part of the work of digestion, with the greater part being the regulation and maintenance of nutrient absorption, especially in the small intestine. The problem with starvation is hypoplasia and atrophy of the GI tract (and other places), which will severely reduce the ability of the body to absorb nutrients.

Source: My patho textbook

Easier: http://www.amazon.com/How-Body-Works-Peter-Abrahams/dp/1905704569/

Harder: http://www.amazon.com/Physiology-STUDENT-CONSULT-Online-Costanzo/dp/145570847X/


Usually the fire company will pay your EMT tuition including books, so don't buy it, but this is the book you will likely use: http://www.amazon.com/Emergency-Care-Daniel-Limmer-EMT-P/dp/013254380X/

The gold standard in emergency medicine is Tintinalli's (https://www.amazon.com/Tintinallis-Emergency-Medicine-Comprehensive-Internal/dp/007179476X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1504698322&sr=8-1&keywords=emergency+medicine+study+guide) although it is a massive book both in size and in depth.

Physiological medicine (https://www.amazon.com/Physiological-Medicine-Clinical-Approach-Physiology/dp/0070381283/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1504698440&sr=1-1&keywords=%22physiological+medicine%22) is amazing.

Pathophysiology of Disease is also good (https://www.amazon.com/Pathophysiology-Disease-Introduction-Clinical-Medicine/dp/0071806008/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1504698512&sr=1-1&keywords=pathophysiology+of+disease).

I'm not sure what "non-textbook" means, but I highly recommend Constanzo's Physiology. It provides a good mix of detail and big-picture.

A great pathology textbook would be Robbins et. al. Pathologic Basis of Disease. It was what we used in medical school, and I have no complaints about it.

Edit - You may find some of the biology, and chemistry, and anatomy and physiology, concepts are above your head without a college level chemistry/biology/A&P background.... Unfortunately, I do not know good texts to steer you to on basic biology and chemistry. Reguarding A&P my favorite book is Marieb.

Edit 2 - No need to apologize, you speak (or write) English quite well!

Pathoma + Goljan should be enough for a solid foundation to be honest. If you need Robbins for school exams, then read baby Robbins.

http://www.amazon.com/Pocket-Companion-Robbins-Pathologic-Disease/dp/1416054545/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&qid=1420292081&sr=8-5&keywords=robbins+and+cotran+pathologic+basis+of+disease

I'm an MD in emergency medicine. Here is a broad list of things to choose from since your post is somewhat vague and I don't know your educational background from general public education (top of list) down to ultra detailed pathology textbooks and texts designed for specific specialties (which is like 12-16 years after high school)....

If you can give me an idea if any of this is near what you're looking for, I can expand that area x 10 easily. Off the top of my head:

1)There is a group who has created what is essentially some of the first medical podcasts and has grown into a massive platform. The original creator has since created a fairly casual podcast called "this won't hurt a bit" - it's an "edutainment" podcast around medical stuff.

http://www.wonthurtabit.com/season-one

2) This is a human physiology textbook (but kind of applies to animals as well), it's basically like a middle-college/university level knowledge base and provides fundamentals of how the body works, I actually used a version of this in my 2nd year of college in a class full of pre-med/vet/biomed researchers

https://www.amazon.com/Fundamentals-Human-Physiology-Lauralee-Sherwood/dp/0840062257/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2B3Q8XWOX2KJ2&keywords=fundamentals+of+physiology+sherwood&qid=1566022964&s=gateway&sprefix=sherwood+fundamental%2Caps%2C157&sr=8-1

​

3) If you're looking for a 1st/2nd year medical student level information in video review format (this is like a review format of the text below in #4):

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-oN4AbdB4jdbFVCHMSrxNg/videos

​

4) If you're looking for seriously intense detail at a medical school level (this would be seriously overkill and probably difficult to digest without a college background but you mentioned textbook that goes into specific things):

https://www.amazon.com/Robbins-Cotran-Pathologic-Disease-Pathology/dp/1455726133

This textbook basically explains the basis of most diseases from a pathologic basis. You essentially have to memorize most of this textbook in med school. This is the basis for every specialty of medicine.

5) for your own curiosity, then every specialty basically has one or two major texts for their education, one of EM's happens to be (I do not remotely recommend buying this but if you find something to preview or such it gives you an idea of how far the info wormhole goes): https://www.amazon.com/Tintinallis-Emergency-Medicine-Comprehensive-Study/dp/007179476X/ref=sr_1_2?crid=21G3EWBKYQ2PO&keywords=tintanelli%27s+emergency+medicine&qid=1566022753&s=gateway&sprefix=tintanelli%27s%2Caps%2C153&sr=8-2

​

6) Here is an EM youtube person who has been putting out really high quality educational content for years, lots of actual video from patients and explanations of what is going on if you're interested in just like... general random medical stuff in an educational entertainment video format:

https://www.youtube.com/user/lmellick

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Also don't forget there are other fields in medicine such as nursing, paramedic, PAs, bio-med research but I can't really speak towards those well.

Videos: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/circulatory-system

Books: http://www.cvphysiology.com, https://www.amazon.com/Only-Book-Youll-Ever-Thaler/dp/1451193947/ref=pd_sbs_14_t_0?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=PVZK7GHPGGQXBP2ME4MB (if you Google it you can find a PDF...) and/or https://www.amazon.com/Physiology-STUDENT-CONSULT-Online-Costanzo/dp/145570847X

Have you taken patho-physiology yet? When making patho-phys flowcharts for my care plans, I get everything I need out of the textbook. Here's the text I use:
http://www.amazon.com/Essentials-Pathophysiology-Concepts-Altered-Health/dp/1582557241/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1411167972&sr=8-1&keywords=porth+essentials+of+pathophysiology

there's a 5th edition coming out in august: http://www.amazon.com/Physiology-STUDENT-CONSULT-Online-Costanzo/dp/145570847X/ref=dp_ob_title_bk

but for physio i would just stick with BRS (same author) + tons of practice questions. physio is one of the subjects where critical thinking and problem solving is more important so you need to do lots of practice questions...compared to something like micro which is mostly just buzzwords and memorization

I would avoid test-prep books then-- those tend to skim the surface of things like pathophys and always seem to be more focused on important facts and associations, etc., and not on the science.

Sadly there is no quick answer for getting better at pathophys (it takes 2 years to cover the basics in med school). Working in an ED you don't have massive amounts of time to read either. As a resident I find myself wanting to review stuff all the time but am pretty busy too, so with that in mind, my recommendations would be:

-UpToDate/Dynamed/Medscape/etc. usually have nice sections in their articles on the pathophysiology of various conditions. The temptation is to skip to the "diagnosis" or "management" sections but there is usually some good stuff in those articles that you can read on the fly

-For critical illness and general physiology, The ICU Book is great and not too dry a read. If you want much more in depth stuff on medical conditions, Harrison's Internal Medicine is a great resource but reads like a phonebook sometimes. If you care about the microscopic level, Robbins & Cotran is basically all the pathology for the non-pathologist you will ever need- can also be a bit dry at times too.

-Look up the mechanism of action of meds you don't know about (Micromedex smart phone app is great for that)

-When you consult someone because you are unsure about something, ask them about what is going on (subspecialists are usually not shy about dropping knowledge if you ask for it); it may also help prevent future un-needed consults which they appreciate

Hope this helps.

Yes! 1) PANCE Prep Pearls, 2) Step-Up To Medicine, 3) First Aid for the Psychiatry Clerkship, 4) Pathophysiology Made Ridiculously Simple, 5) Clinical Neuroanatomy Made Ridiculously Easy.

2) Don't be afraid to change your study habits. You probably won't study the same way you did in undergrad or even post-bacc. It's a whole new ballgame.

I asked this question a while back. I'm about to finish up the cardio section of our cardiopulm unit. In my opinion, it depends on how much time you have. How much time are you actually going to have to read this resource outside of lecture and study time?

I bought both Physiology by Costanzo and the mentioned Lilly Pathophys of Heart Disease. In my opinion, I liked Costanzo's book better. Disclaimer: I didn't have time to read all of Lilly's book. Costanzo has a whole chapter (fairly long though) and it does an amazing job of going through the physio. I would say it doesn't cover the ECG well (just describing waves and comparing them to phases of depolarization of the ventricle). That said, I would still use Costanzo if I had to do it over again.

I strongly recommend that you take some time to travel and enjoy yourself.
No matter what you do to prepare, you are going to be studying and working constantly. Every day will be a constant stream of new knowledge, to the point where anything you study beforehand about, say, EKG's, will need to be pushed out of your mind for starting two months of intensely focusing on the kidney or liver.
I was a kinesiology major focusing heavily on anatomy and physiology. I've worked in physical therapy, an ENT clinic as a scribe, shadowed, etc before school. Despite my history, I still had to re-learn everything in fields that I thought I knew according to the way I would be tested on it or for the boards. This is especially true concerning medications, your Pharmacology or Clin Med courses will tell you what you use to treat a disorder first line, no matter what you've seen in practice.

With that said, if you really are itching to read or prep, I suggest reading Pathophysiology Made Ridiculously Simple which is a great overview of all the components of physiology along with clever ways to remember them. This is a great reference to use during school.
You can also look through medical terminology, many programs will have you "test out" of this at the beginning to continue or it will help you to more quickly identify the disorders etc. in your lectures.

It never hurts to brush up on anatomy, this will be one of your more overwhelming courses content-wise.
good luck!

I 100% agree with priming with pathoma, though I would also say that this would be an excellent alternate in terms of a primer.

Smith's Recognizable Patterns Of Human Malformation
Otherwise known as the scary picture book. I've done a lot of work in pediatrics, and some of that stuff I just pray I never have to see IRL.

This is what I used in school

It can be a bit overwhelming at first (and even after that haha), there are some good youtube videos and stuff that can help as well.

Either the BRS or Physiology, both by Linda Costanzo. they're quite similar, if you prefer bulletpoints then BRS, if you're more into text (and nicer illustrations) then Physiology

http://www.amazon.com/Robbins-Cotran-Pathologic-Disease-Pathology/dp/1455726133

I really liked Costanzo's Physiology (https://www.amazon.com/Physiology-STUDENT-CONSULT-Online-Costanzo/dp/145570847X) book. It's well written and I believe detailed enough while being not too long. It is easy to read and understand.

1. Overall, I highly recommend getting some sort of undergrad level physiology book to study along with anatomy. Knowing Latin suffixes and prefixes really help too. I personally use Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems and Textbook of Medical Physiology.
   
   2a. Seems to me that "investing" is defined as a subcategory of "deep", based on what you quoted. Like if you have deep fascia with certain branches that invest/dig deeper into a particular group of muscles. It just comes back to the definition of "investing". I personally wouldn't worry so much about differentiating between them. The focus is more of the fact that they're fascia and they have specific functions depending on where they are.
   
   2b. Soma relates to a wall. Analogy: soma is a box; viscera is the stuff you put into the box.

Here's where I learned my stuff.. Sadly copyright prevents me from linking it, but there's free sources out there. PubMed has a ton of papers about aging mechanisms.

Costanzo is really what you need.

​

It is a pretty easy read, and it gives excellent well-rounded basic science in a fairly easy-to-digest format.

​

If you want a second companion book, I would get "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine" published by Lange, authors Gary D. Hammer and Stephen J. Mcphee. It is excellent, high yield for boards, and a great integration.

​

I own it, and it's one of the few books I actually used regularly besides Constanzo and Pathoma. The few bad ratings are typically from nurses, which makes sense... this isn't written for nursing students or NPs, it's written for MDs. The extra basic science knowledge we have (are supposed to have, anyways) makes the difference IMO.


Seriously, it's a great buy. The new edition comes out in 2 weeks, not sure if there are any major changes. I have the 7e, which is 56 bucks now vs the 86 for the new edition.

​

THis would be an excellent book to develop an Anki deck around IMO.

Honestly, keep doing what you’re doing. Hold yourself accountable, and take those mistakes as an opportunity to learn about something. When you “do something stupid” make a mental note to not do it again, or focus on how you will do whatever it is next time. Also if you want some good bang for your buck reading, look no further...

https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Pathophysiology-Made-Ridiculously-Simple/dp/0940780801

Seriously, they even have silly drawings that help illustrate body systems and whatnot, it’s one of my favorite reads.

Part 2:

Anatomy and Physiology

• Gray's Anatomy. My friend suggests getting both a modern version and if you can, one of the classical editions. She does not like the Barnes and Noble or some of the other "collector editions" because she thinks the illustrations are too small to read, despite the elegant binding they come in.
  
  
• The Anatomy Coloring Book My friend greatly recommends the entirety of this series of books.
  
  
• Human Anatomy and Physiology by John W. Hole. My friend owns the 2nd edition (1981) version of this book. She can't speak for the newer, modern version but she says this is an excellent college-level text on human anatomy and physiology.
  
  
• Human Anatomy & Physiology (Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology). This is a more modern text that my friend has and suggests.
  
  

  Other Medical Texts (Pathology, organic chemistry, biology, nutritional science, etc)
  

  
  

• Clinical Pathophysiology Made Ridiculously Simple by Aaron Berkowitz
  
  
• Robbin's Basic Pathology
  
  
• Food and Western Disease: Health and Nutrition From An Evolutionary Perspective
  
  
• Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism
  
  
• Whole: Rethinking the Science of Nutrition
  
  
• Real Food For Pregnancy by Lily Nichols
  
  
• Nutritional Grail: Ancestral Wisdom, Breakthrough Science, and the Dawning Nutritional Renaissance
  
  
  
• Dr. Klein's Organic Chemistry (textbook)
  
  
• Campbell's Biology (textbook) - Any newer edition will do. She also suggests the biology coloring book as an additional exercise book.
  
  

  Formularies, Pharmacy
  

  
  

• Herbal Formularies for Health Professionals, Volume I, Volume II, and Volume III by Dr. Jill Stansbury
  
  
• Fenner's Formulary: Containing Formulae for the Preparation of All the Elixirs, Emulsions, Essences, Flavoring Extracts, Glycerites, Solutions, ... Preparations, Now in Use by Byron Fenner. A classical formulary, it is also available in PDF form from forgottenbooks and the SWSBM.
  
  
• Remington: The Practice and Science of Pharmacy
  
  
  

  Classical Herbals
  

  
  
  

• Culpeper's Herbal
  
  
• King's American Dispensatory
  
  
• The classical herbals listed on Henriette's Herbal Page
  
  

Everyone basically just goes through the lecture slides +/- random Googling and UpToDate. (Maybe looking at the odd textbook if something is suggested, but usually they're more "reference" books and not great "teaching" books.)

I really wish I had come across this sub sooner (like M1) because having recommendations like Costanzo (physiology), How the Immune System Works, as well as the usual Pathoma, B&B, etc. would have been amazing to supplement lectures that weren't so great.

In terms of what we're really missing out on though, I think the single most useful thing is probably QBanks. It's hard to walk into exams without ever having had practice questions to do before so depending on your goals (like if you want to write Step or not) UWorld / Rx / Kaplan might be something to consider.

I used Anki on and off, but it was honestly really difficult to pick out what details we'd actually be tested on based on our lecture material so it wasn't always a great use of time.

This is a book on a certain medical practice that my brother would really like, I just can't afford it. He just got into med school and is so intelligent. Please help!

http://www.amazon.com/Diagnostic-Dysmorphology-J-M-Aase/dp/030643444X
http://www.amazon.com/Smiths-Recognizable-Patterns-Human-Malformation/dp/0721606156/ref=pd_sim_b_1

Lange Pathophysiology of Disease (http://www.amazon.com/Pathophysiology-Disease-Introduction-Clinical-Medicine/dp/0071806008/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1462138694&sr=1-1&keywords=lange+pathophysiology)-- EDIT: Has a good section on diabetes but is also expensive with a ton of additional diseases. I can try to take some pictures of the diabetes section if youd like.

This is a good youtube video on the different classes of medication:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMLVbEzM0DI

The basics come down to Type I is autoimmune: your body has created antibodies for the beta cells in the pancreas, the cells that produce insulin, which tags the cells for destruction by the immune system.
Type II: Caused by decrease insulin secretion and insulin resistance; meaning that the insulin produced by the pancreas does not stimulate cells to take up glucose. Central adipose tissue (belly fat) promotes the insulin resistance (a number of cytokines and other factors are released, I can give more info if you want). Interestingly, Type II has a stronger genetic component than Type I.

Let me know if you have any other questions. This is really basic but I think gives a good general idea of what is going on.

http://www.amazon.com/Understanding-Pathophysiology-5e-Huether/dp/0323078915

Textbook from my patho class. I've used it every semester ever since.

Guyton's physiology 13 edition https://www.amazon.com/Guyton-Hall-Textbook-Medical-Physiology/dp/1455770051

this is big: http://www.amazon.com/Robbins-Cotran-Pathologic-Disease-Pathology/dp/1455726133/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1454033899&sr=8-1&keywords=robbins+pathologic+basis+of+disease

this is medium: http://www.amazon.com/Robbins-Basic-Pathology-STUDENT-CONSULT/dp/1437717810/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1454033924&sr=8-1&keywords=basic+robbins

https://www.amazon.com/Robbins-Cotran-Pathologic-Disease-Pathology/dp/1455726133

nah fam, the real deal.

https://www.amazon.com/Physiology-Linda-S-Costanzo-PhD/dp/0323478816/ref=dp_ob_title_bk

If you want to test your knowledge, review questions might help. You may want to grab The Robbins review.

Haven't tried it yet but I've heard it's a good question bank

the Textbook of Medical Physiology states "All body fat is made from glucose."

it's not the fat in the burgers he's eating. it's the bun. and the soda. and the fries. carbs make you fat. see my other post ITT.

http://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Pathology-Board-Review-1e/dp/145571139X/ref=sr_1_sc_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1463627730&sr=8-1-spell&keywords=spitlatnik

This book is great for CP review

Much appreciated!

I actually plan to study medicine myself, and I've seen the flashcard flow chart. From your post, I take it you recommend beginning with zanki, and thus relying on Pathoma and Sketchy?

It'll be a few years until I'll start studying, but I've been thinking about—as a primer—doing Incremental Reading on these first.

• Anatomy. Atlas of Anatomy by Schuenke et al https://www.amazon.com/Atlas-Anatomy-Anne-M-Gilroy/dp/1604067454
  
• Physiology. Physiology by 5th Edition by Costanzo https://www.amazon.com/Physiology-STUDENT-CONSULT-Online-Costanzo/dp/145570847X
  
• Immunology. How the Immune System Works by Sompayrac (looks like it's written in Classic Prose) https://www.amazon.com/How-Immune-System-Works-Desktop/dp/0470657294
  
• Microbiology. Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple by Gladwin, Trattler and Mahan https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Microbiology-Made-Ridiculously-Simple/dp/1935660152
  
  Dunno what you think about that?

https://www.amazon.com/dp/080362493X/ref=cm_sw_r_sms_apa_i_mSM2DbQK6MH94


As she learns diseases, she can look at these. It really helped things stick for me and make things less overwhelming. They have cute Lister sheers on Amazon as well. They are my go to scissor.

I didn't remember any parituclarly so I made a random research and this is what came out for Robbins and Coltran Pathologic Basis of Disease. As you see there are some that, as normal, are cheaper than the new one but others arrive at 200 puonds. I've never contacted a sellers because I've found cheaper versions.